{"id":3634,"date":"2020-11-17T09:06:58","date_gmt":"2020-11-17T08:06:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/visitteo.com\/ston-and-mali-ston-history-written-in-salt\/"},"modified":"2020-11-17T21:27:56","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T20:27:56","slug":"ston-a-mali-ston-historie-psana-v-soli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/visitteo.com\/cs\/ston-a-mali-ston-historie-psana-v-soli\/","title":{"rendered":"Ston a Mali Ston – Historie psan\u00e1 v sol\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159i cest\u011b na jih Chorvatska se dostanete do Stonu a Mali Stonu. M\u00edsta bohat\u00e9 a vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed historie na poloostrov\u011b Pelje\u0161ac. Kdysi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 centrum mocn\u00e9 Dubrovnick\u00e9 republiky. Dnes jsou Ston a Mali Ston gastronomick\u00fdmi a turistick\u00fdmi c\u00edli v Chorvatsku. Tato dv\u011b m\u011bsta jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e1 t\u0159emi v\u011bcmi: sol\u00ed, \u00fast\u0159icemi a mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdmi obrann\u00fdmi zdmi, kter\u00e9 je spojuj\u00ed. D\u011bdictv\u00ed t\u00e9to oblasti je neoceniteln\u00e9 a m\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam pro cel\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Chorvatska.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

N\u00e1zev Ston poch\u00e1z\u00ed z latinsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu Stagnum<\/em>, kter\u00fd odkazuje na ba\u017einatou povahu p\u016fdy vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k v\u00fdrob\u011b soli. Saltern byl pro Dubrovnickou republiku tak ekonomicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, tak\u017ee stav\u011bli jedno z nejdel\u0161\u00edch opevn\u011bn\u00ed v Evrop\u011b. Syst\u00e9m opevn\u011bn\u00ed se t\u00e1hl od Stonu po Mali Ston s v\u011b\u017eemi, pevnostmi a obrann\u00fdmi zdmi. Zdi dodnes stoj\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako v\u00fdroba soli ve Stonu. P\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1no z generace na generaci po \u010dty\u0159i tis\u00edce let. Od t\u00e9 doby a\u017e dodnes se s\u016fl vyr\u00e1b\u00ed stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Pouze s pomoc\u00ed mo\u0159e, slunce a v\u011btru.<\/p>\n

\"Salt<\/p>\n

Ston<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Pro n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edka Stonu je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si na prvn\u00ed pohled p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee je – d\u016fle\u017eitost\u00ed a velikost\u00ed druh\u00fdm m\u011bstem b\u00fdval\u00e9 Dubrovnick\u00e9 republiky. Klidn\u00e9 m\u011bsto, izolovan\u00e9 a sp\u00edc\u00ed. Do za\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed bylo hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm, politick\u00fdm, vojensk\u00fdm, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm, kulturn\u00edm a obchodn\u00edm centrem v z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Dubrovnick\u00e9 republiky. Ston je mal\u00e9 m\u011bste\u010dko le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed na sam\u00e9m za\u010d\u00e1tku poloostrova Pelje\u0161ac<\/a>. Je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u201esoln\u00e9 m\u011bsto\u201c. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se jen jeden kilometr jihoz\u00e1padn\u011b od Mali Ston. Ston byl d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm m\u011bstem pro v\u00fdrobu soli. Strategicky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fd na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Jadersk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e pod\u00e9l d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch cest. Ve zdech m\u00e1 Ston atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 centrum m\u011bsta, kde m\u016f\u017eete c\u00edtit ducha mocn\u00e9 minulosti.<\/p>\n

\"Fortress\"Ston<\/p>\n

Mali Ston<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Spole\u010dnost byla zalo\u017eena v roce 1335 jako sou\u010d\u00e1st Dubrovnick\u00e9 republiky jako obrann\u00e9 m\u011bsto. Mali Ston (ces. Mal\u00fd Ston) byl navr\u017een tak, aby chr\u00e1nil mocnou republiku. S p\u016fsobiv\u00fdm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm st\u011bn a v\u011b\u017e\u00ed. Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm prvkem je pevnost Koruna, kter\u00e1 se ty\u010d\u00ed nad m\u011bstem a je viditeln\u00e1 z velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. Mali Ston je druh gastronomick\u00e9 destinace. Zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdmi mu\u0161lemi a velk\u00fdmi ploch\u00fdmi \u00fast\u0159icemi, kter\u00fdm se da\u0159\u00ed v \u00fazk\u00e9m kan\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd odd\u011bluje poloostrov od pevniny. Kter\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed rodiny je p\u011bstuj\u00ed od \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch dob. Mali Ston je sv\u011btov\u00e1 ekologick\u00e1 perla a je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u00edstem pro dovolenou se spoustou kr\u00e1sn\u00fdch z\u00e1tok a pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. Ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed v Mali Stonu najdete na Visitteo<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"Mali\"Walls<\/p>\n

Historie psan\u00e1 sol\u00ed a kamenem<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem Dubrovnick\u00e9 republiky je po Dubrovn\u00edku z hlediska jeho ekonomick\u00e9ho a strategick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu ur\u010dit\u011b Ston. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku 14. stolet\u00ed vstoupilo m\u011bsto do sf\u00e9ry z\u00e1jmu dubrovnick\u00e9 obce. Co\u017e se v t\u00e9 dob\u011b stalo siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. V roce 1326 Dubrovn\u00edk nejprve s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed vojensky obsadil poloostrov Pelje\u0161ac a pot\u00e9 jej v roce 1333 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b koupil od bosensk\u00e9 bance a srbsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1le. Od toho roku za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 rychl\u00fd a pl\u00e1novan\u00fd r\u016fst Stona.<\/p>\n

Obyvatel\u00e9 Dubrovn\u00edku nejprve rozd\u011bluj\u00ed p\u016fdu a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed promy\u0161len\u00fd pl\u00e1n rozvoje a v\u00fdstavby. Potom stav\u00ed zdi, domy, pal\u00e1ce, font\u00e1ny, kostely a kl\u00e1\u0161tery. V kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 dob\u011b vybudovala Dubrovnick\u00e1 republika na ochranu monument\u00e1ln\u00ed obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed opevn\u011bn\u00ed a m\u011bstsk\u00fd projekt v Evrop\u011b v t\u00e9 dob\u011b. A Dubrovnick\u00e1 republika za\u010dala stav\u011bt Ston na jihu a Mali Ston na severn\u00ed stran\u011b \u00fazk\u00e9ho \u0161\u00edje, kter\u00fd spojuje poloostrov s pevninou. Toto opevn\u011bn\u00ed bylo pro obyvatele Dubrovn\u00edku d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nejen pro uchov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich panstv\u00ed Pelje\u0161ac, ale tak\u00e9 pro uchov\u00e1n\u00ed cenn\u00e9ho monopoln\u00edho p\u0159edm\u011btu – soli.<\/p>\n

Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed hradeb a opevn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Se z\u00e1nikem Dubrovnick\u00e9 republiky, nedbalost\u00ed a \u010dasto nepochopiteln\u00fdmi z\u00e1sahy 19. stolet\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad demolice m\u011bstsk\u00fdch hradeb v Mali Stonu za \u00fa\u010delem boje proti mal\u00e1rii. S demolic\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00fdch hradeb ve Stonu kv\u016fli p\u0159\u00edchodu rakousk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Franjo Josipa na ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu. Monument\u00e1ln\u00ed komplex opevn\u011bn\u00ed Ston se zhrout\u00ed. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b d\u00edky Spole\u010dnosti p\u0159\u00e1tel dubrovnick\u00fdch hradeb. Obnova Stonsk\u00e9ho opevn\u011bn\u00ed a v\u011b\u017e\u00ed pomalu, ale jist\u011b pokra\u010dovala. Komplex Ston ji\u017e za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 znovu \u017e\u00edt ve sv\u00e9m star\u00e9m d\u016fstojn\u00e9m vzhledu.<\/p>\n

\"Ston<\/p>\n

Ston solivarna<\/strong><\/h4>\n

D\u00edky sv\u00e9 zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 poloze, \u00farodn\u00fdm pol\u00edm, dostatku vody a kr\u00e1tk\u00e9mu \u0161\u00edji, kter\u00fd spojuje poloostrov Pelje\u0161ac s pevninou. Oblast Ston se stala d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm s\u00eddlem pro \u010dlov\u011bka od starov\u011bku. Saltern poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch dob, dv\u011b tis\u00edcilet\u00ed p\u0159ed Kristem. P\u0159ed \u0158\u00edmany, Ilyrov\u00e9 a \u0158eky ob\u00fdvali tuto oblast. T\u011b\u017eba a t\u011b\u017eba soli v oblasti Ston\u016f za\u010dala, kdy\u017e do t\u011bchto zem\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li \u0158\u00edman\u00e9. Sal\u00e1ty Ston jsou nejstar\u0161\u00ed v Evrop\u011b a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dochovan\u00e9 v historii St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n

S\u016fl byla z\u00edsk\u00e1na procesem odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody ve velk\u00fdch m\u011blk\u00fdch povod\u00edch sol\u00ed. Sez\u00f3na sklizn\u011b a produkce soli trv\u00e1 v letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch. Dne\u0161n\u00ed solen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z doby Dubrovnick\u00e9 republiky a jejich celkov\u00fd design, dokonale p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed komplexn\u00ed v\u00fdrobu soli ze st\u0159edov\u011bku. A jsou prvot\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed kulturn\u00ed pam\u00e1tkou. Zp\u016fsob v\u00fdroby se za v\u0161echna ta stalet\u00ed nezm\u011bnil. A v takov\u00fdch ekologicky zdrav\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch je zaru\u010dena vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed kvalita soli. Co\u017e uspokojuje v\u0161echny pot\u0159eby vysp\u011bl\u00e9 ekonomiky modern\u00ed doby.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eitost soli pro Ston a Dubrovnickou Republiku<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Krom\u011b z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edho obyvatelstva byla s\u016fl ze Stonu jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch v\u00fdvozn\u00edch artikl\u016f Dubrovnick\u00e9 republiky, kter\u00e1 s n\u00ed obchodovala po cel\u00e9m Balk\u00e1nsk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b. P\u0159\u00edjem ze soli byl vysok\u00fd, 1\/3 celkov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edjmu. Spolu s Dubrovn\u00edkem byl Ston ekonomicky a strategicky nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem Dubrovnick\u00e9 republiky a druh\u00fdm nejv\u00edce pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm m\u011bstem v Evrop\u011b. Dubrovnick\u00e1 republika pou\u017e\u00edvala baz\u00e9ny se \u017eulov\u00fdm dnem. Z t\u011bchto baz\u00e9n\u016f vyt\u011b\u017eili nej\u010dist\u0161\u00ed s\u016fl pro v\u00edde\u0148sk\u00fd dv\u016fr.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Salt<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m opevn\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Dubrovnick\u00e1 republika vybudovala monument\u00e1ln\u00ed obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m pro ochranu, velk\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed a m\u011bstsk\u00fd projekt. Stav\u00ed 41 v\u011b\u017e\u00ed, 5 pevnost\u00ed a 5,5 kilometr\u016f dlouhou obrannou ze\u010f. Aby byla zachov\u00e1na nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hodnota v hlubin\u00e1ch z\u00e1livu – Ston salterns. Stavba impozantn\u00edho komplexu opevn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1me Stonovy zdi, za\u010dala brzy po akvizici spole\u010dnosti Pelje\u0161ac v Dubrovn\u00edku. Nejprve postav\u00ed obrannou ze\u010f z jedn\u00e9 strany poloostrova na druhou. A podle jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho projektu postavili dv\u011b opevn\u011bn\u00e1 m\u011bsta. Na ji\u017en\u00ed stran\u011b Ston a na severu Mali Ston. Shrom\u00e1\u017edit lidi, aby hl\u00eddali hranice a pracovali v sol\u00e1rn\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Nad z\u00e1padn\u00edmi strm\u00fdmi svahy Prevlaky odd\u011bluje Pelje\u0161ac od pevniny Velk\u00e1 ze\u010f. Ze\u010f je dlouh\u00e1 asi 1200 m, vedla p\u0159es vrchol kopce Podzvizda. Uzav\u0159en\u00ed cel\u00e9ho poloostrova kon\u010d\u00edc\u00ed ve v\u011b\u017e\u00edch na b\u0159ehu Stonsk\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu a z\u00e1toky Mali Ston. Stonsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m opevn\u011bn\u00ed se v\u0161ak formoval po v\u00edce ne\u017e \u010dty\u0159i stolet\u00ed. Ur\u010deno p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm k obran\u011b poloostrova z jeho vnitrozem\u00ed. Postupn\u011b byl vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n, p\u0159izp\u016fsobov\u00e1n ter\u00e9nu a v\u00fdvoji vojensk\u00e9 techniky. Stonsk\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed je bezpochyby nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm stavebn\u00edm projektem republiky mimo Dubrovn\u00edk. Zdi a pevnosti lemuj\u00ed 10 kulat\u00fdch a 31 \u010dtvercov\u00fdch v\u011b\u017e\u00ed a 6 p\u016flkruhov\u00fdch ba\u0161t. Svou obrannou roli si udr\u017eeli a\u017e do za\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed. Po p\u00e1du republiky ztratilo Stonsk\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed sv\u016fj vojensk\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

\"Stol\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159i cest\u011b na jih Chorvatska se dostanete do Stonu a Mali Stonu. M\u00edsta bohat\u00e9 a vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed historie na poloostrov\u011b Pelje\u0161ac. Kdysi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 centrum mocn\u00e9 Dubrovnick\u00e9 republiky. Dnes jsou Ston a Mali Ston gastronomick\u00fdmi a turistick\u00fdmi c\u00edli v Chorvatsku. Tato dv\u011b m\u011bsta jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e1 t\u0159emi v\u011bcmi: sol\u00ed, \u00fast\u0159icemi a mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdmi obrann\u00fdmi zdmi, kter\u00e9 je spojuj\u00ed. 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