{"id":3637,"date":"2020-11-17T09:06:58","date_gmt":"2020-11-17T08:06:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/visitteo.com\/ston-and-mali-ston-history-written-in-salt\/"},"modified":"2020-11-18T11:22:21","modified_gmt":"2020-11-18T10:22:21","slug":"ston-es-mali-ston-soba-irt-tortenelem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/visitteo.com\/hu\/ston-es-mali-ston-soba-irt-tortenelem\/","title":{"rendered":"Ston \u00e9s Mali Ston – S\u00f3ba \u00edrt t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Horv\u00e1torsz\u00e1g d\u00e9li r\u00e9sz\u00e9n utazva eljut Ston \u00e9s Mali Ston. Gazdag \u00e9s izgalmas t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem helyei a Pelje\u0161ac-f\u00e9lszigeten. Egykor a hatalmas Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g fontos v\u00e9delmi k\u00f6zpontja. Ston \u00e9s Mali Ston ma gasztron\u00f3miai \u00e9s turisztikai c\u00e9lpontok Horv\u00e1torsz\u00e1gban. Ez a k\u00e9t v\u00e1ros h\u00e1rom dologb\u00f3l ismert: s\u00f3, osztriga \u00e9s az \u0151ket \u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u0151 rendk\u00edv\u00fcli v\u00e9d\u0151falak. A ter\u00fclet \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9ge felbecs\u00fclhetetlen \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171, \u00e9s kiv\u00e9teles jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u0171 Horv\u00e1torsz\u00e1g eg\u00e9sz t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A Ston n\u00e9v a latin Stagnum<\/em> n\u00e9vb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmazik, amely a s\u00f3termel\u00e9sre haszn\u00e1lt f\u00f6ld ingov\u00e1nyos term\u00e9szet\u00e9re utal. Saltern gazdas\u00e1gilag annyira fontos volt a Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, ez\u00e9rt Eur\u00f3pa egyik leghosszabb er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u00e9t \u00e9p\u00edtik. Az er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9nyrendszer Stont\u00f3l Mali Stonig terjedt, tornyokkal, er\u0151d\u00f6kkel \u00e9s v\u00e9d\u0151falakkal. A falak ma is \u00e1llnak, mint Stonban a s\u00f3termel\u00e9s. N\u00e9gyezer \u00e9vre \u00e1t\u00f6r\u00f6kl\u0151dik nemzed\u00e9kr\u0151l nemzed\u00e9kre. Ett\u0151l kezdve a mai napig a s\u00f3t ugyan\u00fagy \u00e1ll\u00edtj\u00e1k el\u0151. Csak a tenger, a nap \u00e9s a sz\u00e9l seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel.<\/p>\n

\"Salt<\/p>\n

Ston<\/strong><\/h4>\n

A Ston l\u00e1togat\u00f3inak els\u0151 pillant\u00e1sra neh\u00e9z elk\u00e9pzelni\u00fck, hogy – fontoss\u00e1g\u00e1ban \u00e9s m\u00e9ret\u00e9ben – a volt Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g m\u00e1sodik v\u00e1rosa. Csendes v\u00e1ros, elszigetelt \u00e9s szunnyad\u00f3. A 19. sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9ig gazdas\u00e1gi, politikai, katonai, vall\u00e1si, kultur\u00e1lis \u00e9s kereskedelmi k\u00f6zpont volt a Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g nyugati r\u00e9sz\u00e9n. Ston egy kis v\u00e1ros, a Pelje\u0161ac<\/a>-f\u00e9lsziget legelej\u00e9n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. A “s\u00f3 v\u00e1rosa” n\u00e9ven is ismert. Mali Stont\u00f3l mind\u00f6ssze egy kilom\u00e9terre d\u00e9lnyugatra tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. Ston a s\u00f3termel\u00e9s fontos v\u00e1rosa volt. Strat\u00e9giailag az Adriai-tenger partj\u00e1n helyezkedik el a fontos kereskedelmi \u00fatvonalak ment\u00e9n. A falakon bel\u00fcl Ston egy hangulatos k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori v\u00e1rosk\u00f6zponttal rendelkezik, ahol meg\u00e9rezheti a hatalmas m\u00falt szellem\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

\"Fortress\"Ston<\/p>\n

Mali Ston<\/strong><\/h4>\n

1335-ben alap\u00edtott\u00e1k a Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g r\u00e9szek\u00e9nt, mint v\u00e9dekez\u0151 v\u00e1ros. Mali Ston (hun. Kicsi Ston) egy hatalmas k\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g v\u00e9delm\u00e9re tervezt\u00e9k. Leny\u0171g\u00f6z\u0151 elrendez\u00e9s\u0171 falak \u00e9s tornyok. A legkiemelked\u0151bb jellemz\u0151 a Koruna er\u0151d, amely a v\u00e1ros f\u00f6l\u00e9 emelkedik \u00e9s nagy t\u00e1vols\u00e1gb\u00f3l l\u00e1that\u00f3. Mali Ston egyfajta gasztron\u00f3miai c\u00e9lpont. Kagyl\u00f3ir\u00f3l \u00e9s nagy lapos osztrig\u00e1ir\u00f3l ismert, amelyek egy keskeny csatorn\u00e1ban fejl\u0151dnek, amely elv\u00e1lasztja a f\u00e9lszigetet a sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldt\u0151l. Mely helyi csal\u00e1dok n\u00f6velt\u00e9k \u0151ket a r\u00f3mai id\u0151k \u00f3ta. A Mali Ston egy \u00f6kol\u00f3giai vil\u00e1ggy\u00f6ngy, ide\u00e1lis nyaral\u00f3hely, rengeteg gy\u00f6ny\u00f6r\u0171 \u00f6bl\u00f6kkel \u00e9s stranddal. Mali Stonban, a Visitteo<\/a>-n tal\u00e1l sz\u00e1ll\u00e1st.<\/p>\n

\"Mali\"Walls<\/p>\n

S\u00f3ba \u00e9s k\u0151be \u00edrt t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem<\/strong><\/h4>\n

A Dubrovnik K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g legfontosabb helye Dubrovnik ut\u00e1n gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s strat\u00e9giai jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t tekintve minden bizonnyal Ston. A 14. sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9n a v\u00e1ros bel\u00e9pett a dubrovniki k\u00f6zs\u00e9g \u00e9rdekszf\u00e9r\u00e1j\u00e1ba. Ami akkoriban egyre er\u0151sebb volt. 1326-ban Dubrovnik el\u0151sz\u00f6r nagy val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9ggel katonai szempontb\u00f3l foglalta el a Pelje\u0161ac-f\u00e9lszigetet, majd 1333-ban hivatalosan megv\u00e1s\u00e1rolta a boszniai b\u00e1nt\u00f3l \u00e9s a szerb kir\u00e1lyt\u00f3l. Ett\u0151l az \u00e9vt\u0151l kezd\u0151dik a Ston gyors \u00e9s tervezett n\u00f6veked\u00e9se.<\/p>\n

A dubrovnikiak el\u0151sz\u00f6r megosztj\u00e1k a f\u00f6ldet, \u00e9s \u00e1tgondolt fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9si tervet k\u00e9sz\u00edtenek. Azt\u00e1n falakat, h\u00e1zakat, palot\u00e1kat, sz\u00f6k\u0151kutakat, templomokat \u00e9s kolostorokat \u00e9p\u00edtenek. R\u00f6vid id\u0151n bel\u00fcl a Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g monument\u00e1lis v\u00e9delmi rendszert emelt fel a v\u00e9delem \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. Akkoriban Eur\u00f3pa legnagyobb er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9nye \u00e9s v\u00e1rosi projektje. \u00c9s a Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g megkezdte a Ston d\u00e9li \u00e9s a Mali Ston \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t a keskeny szoros \u00e9szaki oldal\u00e1n, amely \u00f6sszek\u00f6ti a f\u00e9lszigetet a sz\u00e1razf\u00f6lddel. Ez az er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9ny nemcsak a pelje\u0161aci birtokuk meg\u0151rz\u00e9se, hanem egy \u00e9rt\u00e9kes monopolhelyzet – a s\u00f3 – meg\u0151rz\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben is fontos volt a dubrovnikiak sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

Falak \u00e9s er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9nyek meg\u0151rz\u00e9se<\/strong><\/h4>\n

A Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g elt\u0171n\u00e9s\u00e9vel a 19. sz\u00e1zad hanyags\u00e1ga \u00e9s gyakran \u00e9rthetetlen beavatkoz\u00e1sai. Ilyen p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a v\u00e1rosfalak lebont\u00e1sa Mali Stonban a mal\u00e1ria elleni k\u00fczdelem \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. A stoni v\u00e1rosfal lebont\u00e1s\u00e1val Franjo Josip osztr\u00e1k cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r hivatalos l\u00e1togat\u00e1s\u00e1ra \u00e9rkez\u00e9se miatt. A monument\u00e1lis Ston er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9ny-komplexum \u00f6sszeomlik. Az ut\u00f3bbi id\u0151ben a Dubrovniki Falak Bar\u00e1ti T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g\u00e1nak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en. A Ston er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9nyek \u00e9s tornyok fel\u00faj\u00edt\u00e1sa lassan, de biztosan folytat\u00f3dik. A Ston komplexum m\u00e1r kezd \u00fajra \u00e9lni a r\u00e9gi m\u00e9lt\u00f3s\u00e1gteljes megjelen\u00e9s\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

\"Ston<\/p>\n

Ston s\u00f3<\/strong><\/h4>\n

F\u00f6ldrajzi elhelyezked\u00e9s\u00e9nek, term\u00e9keny mez\u00f5inek, rengeteg v\u00edznek \u00e9s a Pelje\u0161ac-f\u00e9lszigetet sz\u00e1razf\u00f6lddel \u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u00f5 r\u00f6vid isthmusnak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u00f5en. Ston k\u00f6rny\u00e9ke az \u00f3kort\u00f3l kezdve az emberek fontos lakhely\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lt. Saltern a r\u00f3mai id\u0151kre ny\u00falik vissza, Krisztus el\u0151tt k\u00e9t \u00e9vezreddel. A r\u00f3maiak el\u0151tt ill\u00edrek \u00e9s g\u00f6r\u00f6g\u00f6k lakt\u00e1k ezt a ter\u00fcletet. A s\u00f3 kitermel\u00e9se \u00e9s betakar\u00edt\u00e1sa Ston ter\u00fclet\u00e9n akkor kezd\u0151dik, amikor a r\u00f3maiak bej\u00f6ttek ezekre a f\u00f6ldekre. A Ston-szigetek a legr\u00e9gebbi Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban \u00e9s a legnagyobbak a F\u00f6ldk\u00f6zi-tenger t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelm\u00e9ben.<\/p>\n

A s\u00f3t a tengerv\u00edz elp\u00e1rologtat\u00e1s\u00e1val \u00e1ll\u00edtott\u00e1k el\u0151 a s\u00f3k nagy sek\u00e9ly medenc\u00e9iben. A betakar\u00edt\u00e1s \u00e9s a s\u00f3termel\u00e9s szezonja a ny\u00e1ri h\u00f3napokban tart. A Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g idej\u00e9b\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 mai s\u00f3k \u00e9s \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos kialak\u00edt\u00e1suk t\u00f6k\u00e9letesen k\u00e9pviselik a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkorb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 komplex s\u00f3termel\u00e9st. \u00c9s els\u0151 oszt\u00e1ly\u00fa kultur\u00e1lis eml\u00e9kek. A gy\u00e1rt\u00e1s m\u00f3dja nem v\u00e1ltozott ezekben az \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadokban. \u00c9s ilyen \u00f6kol\u00f3giailag eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ges k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt garant\u00e1lt a s\u00f3 kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 min\u0151s\u00e9ge. Ami a modern id\u0151k fejlett gazdas\u00e1g\u00e1nak minden ig\u00e9ny\u00e9t kiel\u00e9g\u00edti.<\/p>\n

A s\u00f3 jelent\u0151s\u00e9ge Ston \u00e9s a Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g szempontj\u00e1b\u00f3l<\/strong><\/h4>\n

A helyi lakoss\u00e1g ell\u00e1t\u00e1sa mellett a Stonb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 s\u00f3 volt az egyik legfontosabb exportcikk a Dubrovnik K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1gban, amely az eg\u00e9sz Balk\u00e1n-f\u00e9lszigeten kereskedett vele. A s\u00f3b\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 j\u00f6vedelem magas volt, a teljes j\u00f6vedelem 1\/3-a. Strov Dubrovnik mellett gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s strat\u00e9giai szempontb\u00f3l is a Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g legfontosabb helye \u00e9s Eur\u00f3pa m\u00e1sodik legtervezettebb v\u00e1rosa volt. A Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g gr\u00e1nitfen\u00e9k\u0171 medenc\u00e9ket haszn\u00e1lt. Ezekb\u0151l a medenc\u00e9kb\u0151l kivont\u00e1k a b\u00e9csi udvar sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a legtiszt\u00e1bb s\u00f3t.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Salt<\/p>\n

Er\u0151d\u00edt\u00e9si rendszer<\/strong><\/h4>\n

A Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g monument\u00e1lis v\u00e9delmi rendszert \u00e9p\u00edtett a v\u00e9delem \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben, egy nagy er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9nyt \u00e9s egy v\u00e1rosi projektet. 41 tornyot, 5 er\u0151d\u00f6t \u00e9s egy 5,5 kilom\u00e9ter hossz\u00fa v\u00e9d\u0151falat \u00e9p\u00edtenek. A legnagyobb \u00e9rt\u00e9k meg\u0151rz\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben az \u00f6b\u00f6l m\u00e9ly\u00e9n – Ston salterns. Az impoz\u00e1ns er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9ny-komplexum, amelyet Ston-falaknak h\u00edvunk, \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se nem sokkal a pelje\u0161aci dubrovniki felv\u00e1s\u00e1rl\u00e1s ut\u00e1n kezd\u0151d\u00f6tt. El\u0151sz\u00f6r egy v\u00e9d\u0151falat \u00e9p\u00edtenek, a f\u00e9lsziget egyik oldal\u00e1t\u00f3l a m\u00e1sikig. Egy egyedi projekt szerint k\u00e9t er\u0151d\u00edtett v\u00e1rost \u00e9p\u00edtenek. A d\u00e9li oldalon Ston \u00e9s \u00e9szakon a Mali Ston. \u00d6sszegy\u0171jteni az embereket, hogy \u0151rizz\u00e9k a hat\u00e1rokat \u00e9s dolgozzanak szelv\u00e9nyekben.<\/p>\n

Prevlaka nyugati meredek lejt\u0151inek f\u00f6l\u00f6tt a Nagy Fal v\u00e1lasztja el Pelje\u0161acot a sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldt\u0151l. A fal k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 1200 m hossz\u00fa, a Podzvizda-hegy tetej\u00e9n vezetett \u00e1t. Az eg\u00e9sz f\u00e9lsziget bez\u00e1r\u00e1sa, tornyokkal v\u00e9gz\u0151dik a Ston-csatorna \u00e9s a Mali Ston-\u00f6b\u00f6l partj\u00e1n. A Ston er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9nyrendszer azonban t\u00f6bb mint n\u00e9gy \u00e9vsz\u00e1zad alatt alakult ki. Els\u0151sorban a f\u00e9lsziget sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi h\u00e1torsz\u00e1g\u00e1t\u00f3l val\u00f3 v\u00e9delm\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l. Fokozatosan fejlesztett\u00e9k, alkalmazkodtak a terephez \u00e9s a katonai felszerel\u00e9sek fejleszt\u00e9s\u00e9hez. A Ston er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9nyek k\u00e9ts\u00e9gk\u00edv\u00fcl a K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g legnagyobb \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9si projektjei Dubrovnikon k\u00edv\u00fcl. A falakat \u00e9s az er\u0151d\u00f6ket 10 kerek \u00e9s 31 n\u00e9gyzet alak\u00fa torony \u00e9s 6 f\u00e9lk\u00f6r alak\u00fa b\u00e1stya szeg\u00e9lyezi. Sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9ig meg\u0151rizt\u00e9k v\u00e9dekez\u0151 szerep\u00fcket. A k\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g buk\u00e1sa ut\u00e1n a Ston er\u0151d\u00edtm\u00e9nyek elvesztett\u00e9k katonai jelent\u0151s\u00e9g\u00fcket.<\/p>\n

\"Stol\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Horv\u00e1torsz\u00e1g d\u00e9li r\u00e9sz\u00e9n utazva eljut Ston \u00e9s Mali Ston. Gazdag \u00e9s izgalmas t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem helyei a Pelje\u0161ac-f\u00e9lszigeten. Egykor a hatalmas Dubrovniki K\u00f6zt\u00e1rsas\u00e1g fontos v\u00e9delmi k\u00f6zpontja. Ston \u00e9s Mali Ston ma gasztron\u00f3miai \u00e9s turisztikai c\u00e9lpontok Horv\u00e1torsz\u00e1gban. Ez a k\u00e9t v\u00e1ros h\u00e1rom dologb\u00f3l ismert: s\u00f3, osztriga \u00e9s az \u0151ket \u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u0151 rendk\u00edv\u00fcli v\u00e9d\u0151falak. A ter\u00fclet \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9ge felbecs\u00fclhetetlen \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u0171, \u00e9s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3526,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[42],"tags":[],"post-locations":[],"class_list":["post-3637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-villak-hu"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSton \u00e9s Mali Ston - S\u00f3ba \u00edrt T\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem - Visitteo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Horv\u00e1torsz\u00e1g d\u00e9li r\u00e9sz\u00e9n utazva eljut Ston \u00e9s Mali Ston. 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