{"id":3640,"date":"2020-11-17T09:06:58","date_gmt":"2020-11-17T08:06:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/visitteo.com\/ston-and-mali-ston-history-written-in-salt\/"},"modified":"2020-11-18T11:25:39","modified_gmt":"2020-11-18T10:25:39","slug":"ston-a-mali-ston-v-chorvatsku-historia-napisana-v-soli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/visitteo.com\/sk\/ston-a-mali-ston-v-chorvatsku-historia-napisana-v-soli\/","title":{"rendered":"Ston a Mali Ston – Hist\u00f3ria nap\u00edsan\u00e1 v soli"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cestou na juh Chorv\u00e1tska sa dostanete do Stonu a Mali Stonu. Miesta s bohatou a vzru\u0161uj\u00facou hist\u00f3riou na polostrove Pelje\u0161ac. Kedysi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 centrum mocnej Dubrovn\u00edckej republiky. Dnes s\u00fa Ston a Mali Ston gastronomick\u00fdmi a turistick\u00fdmi destin\u00e1ciami v Chorv\u00e1tsku. Tieto dve mest\u00e1 s\u00fa zn\u00e1me tromi vecami: so\u013eou, ustricami a mimoriadnymi obrann\u00fdmi m\u00farmi, ktor\u00e9 ich sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa. Dedi\u010dstvo tejto oblasti je neocenite\u013en\u00e9 a m\u00e1 mimoriadny v\u00fdznam pre cel\u00fd pr\u00edbeh Chorv\u00e1tska.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

N\u00e1zov Ston poch\u00e1dza z latinsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu Stagnum<\/em>, ktor\u00fd odkazuje na mo\u010darist\u00fa povahu krajiny pou\u017e\u00edvanej na v\u00fdrobu soli. Saltern bol pre Dubrovn\u00edcku republiku tak\u00fd ekonomicky d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd, preto stavali jedno z najdlh\u0161\u00edch opevnen\u00ed v Eur\u00f3pe. Syst\u00e9m opevnenia sa tiahol od Stonu po Mali Ston s ve\u017eami, pevnos\u0165ami a obrann\u00fdmi m\u00farmi. M\u00fary dodnes stoja, rovnako ako v\u00fdroba soli v Stone. Pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa sa z gener\u00e1cie na gener\u00e1ciu, \u0161tyri tis\u00edce rokov. Od tej doby a\u017e dodnes sa so\u013e vyr\u00e1ba rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom. Iba s pomocou mora, slnka a vetra.<\/p>\n

\"Salt<\/p>\n

Ston<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Pre n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edka Stonu je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 si na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead predstavi\u0165, \u017ee je – d\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165ou a ve\u013ekos\u0165ou druh\u00fdm mestom b\u00fdvalej Dubrovn\u00edckej republiky. Tich\u00e9 mesto, izolovan\u00e9 a spiace. Do za\u010diatku 19. storo\u010dia bolo hospod\u00e1rskym, politick\u00fdm, vojensk\u00fdm, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdm, kult\u00farnym a obchodn\u00fdm centrom v z\u00e1padnej \u010dasti Dubrovn\u00edckej republiky. Ston je mal\u00e9 mesto le\u017eiace na samom za\u010diatku polostrova Pelje\u0161ac<\/a>. Je tie\u017e zn\u00e1me ako \u201emesto soli\u201c. Nach\u00e1dza sa iba jeden kilometer juhoz\u00e1padne od Mali Ston. Ston bolo d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 mesto na v\u00fdrobu soli. Strategicky umiestnen\u00fd na pobre\u017e\u00ed Jadransk\u00e9ho mora pozd\u013a\u017e d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch obchodn\u00fdch ciest. Medzi hradbami m\u00e1 Ston atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 stredovek\u00e9 centrum mesta, kde c\u00edti\u0165 ducha mocnej minulosti.<\/p>\n

\"Ston\"Ston<\/p>\n

Mali Ston<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 bola zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roku 1335 ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 Dubrovn\u00edckej republiky ako obrann\u00e9 mesto. Mali Ston (slk. Mal\u00fd Ston) bol navrhnut\u00fd na ochranu mocnej republiky. S p\u00f4sobiv\u00fdm usporiadan\u00edm stien a ve\u017e\u00ed. Najv\u00fdraznej\u0161ou dominantou je pevnos\u0165 Koruna, ktor\u00e1 sa t\u00fd\u010di nad mestom a je vidite\u013en\u00e1 z ve\u013ekej dia\u013eky. Mali Ston je ak\u00fdmsi gastronomick\u00fdm cie\u013eom. Zn\u00e1me pre svoje mu\u0161le a ve\u013ek\u00e9 ploch\u00e9 ustrice, ktor\u00fdm sa dar\u00ed v \u00fazkom kan\u00e1li, ktor\u00fd odde\u013euje polostrov od pevniny. Ktor\u00e9 miestne rodiny ich pestovali od r\u00edmskych \u010dias. Mali Ston je svetov\u00e1 ekologick\u00e1 perla a je ide\u00e1lnym miestom na dovolenku s mno\u017estvom kr\u00e1snych z\u00e1tok a pl\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. Ubytovanie v Mali Ston n\u00e1jdete na Visitteo<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"Ston\"Ston<\/p>\n

Dejiny p\u00edsan\u00e9 so\u013eou a kame\u0148om<\/h4>\n

Najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edm miestom Dubrovn\u00edckej republiky je po Dubrovn\u00edku z h\u013eadiska jeho ekonomick\u00e9ho a strategick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu ur\u010dite Ston. Za\u010diatkom 14. storo\u010dia sa mesto dostalo do z\u00e1ujmovej sf\u00e9ry dubrovn\u00edckej kom\u00fany. \u010co sa v tom \u010dase st\u00e1valo silnej\u0161\u00edm. V roku 1326 Dubrovn\u00edk najsk\u00f4r s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou vojensky obsadil polostrov Pelje\u0161ac a potom ho v roku 1333 ofici\u00e1lne k\u00fapili od bosnianskeho b\u00e1bu a srbsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013ea. Od toho roku za\u010d\u00edna r\u00fdchly a pl\u00e1novan\u00fd rast Stona.<\/p>\n

Obyvatelia Dubrovn\u00edka najsk\u00f4r rozdelia p\u00f4du a vypracuj\u00fa premyslen\u00fd pl\u00e1n rozvoja a v\u00fdstavby. Potom stavaj\u00fa m\u00fary, domy, pal\u00e1ce, font\u00e1ny, kostoly a kl\u00e1\u0161tory. V kr\u00e1tkom obdob\u00ed vytvorila Dubrovn\u00edcka republika na ochranu monument\u00e1lny obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie opevnenie a mestsk\u00fd projekt v Eur\u00f3pe v tej dobe. A Dubrovn\u00edcka republika za\u010dala stava\u0165 Ston na juhu a Mali Ston na severnej strane \u00fazkeho prielivu, ktor\u00fd sp\u00e1ja polostrov s pevninou. Toto opevnenie bolo pre obyvate\u013eov Dubrovn\u00edka d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 nielen pre zachovanie ich pelje\u0161ack\u00e9ho panstva, ale aj pre uchovanie cenn\u00e9ho monopoln\u00e9ho predmetu – soli.<\/p>\n

Zachovanie hradieb a opevnenia<\/h4>\n

So z\u00e1nikom Dubrovn\u00edckej republiky, nedbanlivos\u0165ou a \u010dasto nepochopite\u013en\u00fdmi z\u00e1sahmi 19. storo\u010dia. Ako napr\u00edklad demol\u00e1cia mestsk\u00fdch hradieb v Mali Stone na \u00fa\u010dely boja proti mal\u00e1rii. So zb\u00faran\u00edm mestsk\u00fdch hradieb v Stone v d\u00f4sledku pr\u00edchodu rak\u00faskeho cis\u00e1ra Franja Josipa na ofici\u00e1lnu n\u00e1v\u0161tevu. Monument\u00e1lny komplex opevnenia Ston sa zr\u00fatil. V poslednej dobe v\u010faka Spolo\u010dnosti priate\u013eov dubrovn\u00edckych hradieb. Obnova Stonsk\u00e9ho opevnenia a ve\u017e\u00ed pomaly, ale isto pokra\u010dovala. Komplex Ston u\u017e za\u010d\u00edna op\u00e4\u0165 \u017ei\u0165 vo svojom starom d\u00f4stojnom vzh\u013eade.<\/p>\n

\"Ston<\/p>\n

Ston so\u013e<\/h4>\n

V\u010faka svojej geografickej polohe, \u00farodn\u00fdm poliam, dostatku vody a kr\u00e1tkemu \u0161\u00edpu, ktor\u00fd sp\u00e1ja polostrov Pelje\u0161ac s pevninou. Oblas\u0165 Ston sa stala d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm s\u00eddlom pre \u013eud\u00ed od staroveku. Saltern poch\u00e1dza z r\u00edmskych \u010dias, dve tis\u00edcro\u010dia pred Kristom. Pred Rimanmi ob\u00fdvali t\u00fato oblas\u0165 Il\u00fdri a Gr\u00e9ci. Vyu\u017e\u00edvanie a \u0165a\u017eba soli v oblasti Ston sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa, ke\u010f do t\u00fdchto kraj\u00edn pri\u0161li Rimania. Sal\u00f3ny Ston s\u00fa najstar\u0161ie v Eur\u00f3pe a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie zachovan\u00e9 v hist\u00f3rii Stredomoria.<\/p>\n

So\u013e sa z\u00edskavala procesom odparovania morskej vody vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch plytk\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017eiach solen\u00ed. Sez\u00f3na zberu a v\u00fdroby soli trv\u00e1 v letn\u00fdch mesiacoch. Dne\u0161n\u00e9 solenia, ktor\u00e9 poch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z \u010dias Dubrovn\u00edckej republiky, a ich celkov\u00fd dizajn dokonale reprezentuj\u00fa komplexn\u00fa v\u00fdrobu soli zo stredoveku. A s\u00fa prvotriednou kult\u00farnou pamiatkou. Sp\u00f4sob v\u00fdroby sa cel\u00e9 tie storo\u010dia nezmenil. A v tak\u00fdchto ekologicky zdrav\u00fdch podmienkach je zaru\u010den\u00e1 vynikaj\u00faca kvalita soli. \u010co uspokojuje v\u0161etky potreby vyspelej ekonomiky modernej doby.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eitos\u0165 soli pre Ston a Dubrovn\u00edcku republiku<\/h4>\n

Okrem z\u00e1sobovania miestneho obyvate\u013estva bola so\u013e z Stonu jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch v\u00fdvozn\u00fdch artiklov Dubrovn\u00edckej republiky, ktor\u00e1 s \u0148ou obchodovala po celom Balk\u00e1nskom polostrove. Pr\u00edjem zo soli bol vysok\u00fd, 1\/3 z celkov\u00e9ho pr\u00edjmu. Spolu s Dubrovn\u00edkom bol Ston ekonomicky a strategicky najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm miestom Dubrovn\u00edckej republiky a druh\u00fdm najviac pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm mestom v Eur\u00f3pe. Dubrovn\u00edcka republika vyu\u017e\u00edvala baz\u00e9ny so \u017eulov\u00fdm dnom. Z t\u00fdchto baz\u00e9nov extrahovali naj\u010distej\u0161iu so\u013e pre viedensk\u00fd dvor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Salt<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m opevnenia<\/h4>\n

Dubrovn\u00edcka republika vybudovala monument\u00e1lny obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m na ochranu, ve\u013ek\u00e9 opevnenie a mestsk\u00fd projekt. Stavia 41 ve\u017e\u00ed, 5 pevnost\u00ed a 5,5 kilometra dlh\u00fd obrann\u00fd m\u00far. Z d\u00f4vodu zachovania \u010do najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ej hodnoty v hlbin\u00e1ch z\u00e1livu – Stonov\u00fdch salnerov. Stavba impozantn\u00e9ho komplexu opevnen\u00ed, ktor\u00fd naz\u00fdvame Stonove m\u00fary, sa za\u010dala kr\u00e1tko po dubrovn\u00edckej akviz\u00edcii Pelje\u0161ca. Najsk\u00f4r postavia obrann\u00fd m\u00far z jednej strany polostrova na druh\u00fa. A pod\u013ea unik\u00e1tneho projektu stavaj\u00fa dve opevnen\u00e9 mest\u00e1. Na ju\u017enej strane Ston a na severe Mali Ston. Zhroma\u017e\u010fova\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed, aby str\u00e1\u017eili hranice a pracovali v sallin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Nad z\u00e1padn\u00fdmi strm\u00fdmi svahmi Prevlaky odde\u013euje Pelje\u0161ac od pevniny Ve\u013ek\u00fd m\u00far. Stena je dlh\u00e1 asi 1200 m, veden\u00e1 cez vrchol kopca Podzvizda. Uzatv\u00e1ra sa cel\u00fd polostrov a kon\u010d\u00ed sa ve\u017eami na brehoch kan\u00e1la Ston a z\u00e1toky Mali Ston. Stonsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m opevnenia sa v\u0161ak formoval viac ako \u0161tyri storo\u010dia. Ur\u010den\u00e9 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na obranu polostrova z jeho vn\u00fatrozemia. Postupne sa zdokona\u013eovala, prisp\u00f4sobovala ter\u00e9nu a v\u00fdvoju vojenskej techniky. Kamenn\u00e9 opevnenie je bezpochyby najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm stavebn\u00fdm projektom republiky mimo Dubrovn\u00edka. Steny a pevnosti lemuje 10 okr\u00fahlych a 31 \u0161tvorcov\u00fdch ve\u017e\u00ed a 6 polkruhov\u00fdch b\u00e1\u0161t. Obrann\u00fa \u00falohu si udr\u017eali a\u017e do za\u010diatku 19. storo\u010dia. Po p\u00e1de republiky stratilo kamenn\u00e9 opevnenie svoj vojensk\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n

\"Stol\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cestou na juh Chorv\u00e1tska sa dostanete do Stonu a Mali Stonu. Miesta s bohatou a vzru\u0161uj\u00facou hist\u00f3riou na polostrove Pelje\u0161ac. Kedysi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 centrum mocnej Dubrovn\u00edckej republiky. Dnes s\u00fa Ston a Mali Ston gastronomick\u00fdmi a turistick\u00fdmi destin\u00e1ciami v Chorv\u00e1tsku. Tieto dve mest\u00e1 s\u00fa zn\u00e1me tromi vecami: so\u013eou, ustricami a mimoriadnymi obrann\u00fdmi m\u00farmi, ktor\u00e9 ich sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":3529,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"post-locations":[],"class_list":["post-3640","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vily-sk"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSton a Mali Ston v Chorv\u00e1tsku - Hist\u00f3ria Nap\u00edsan\u00e1 v Soli - Visitteo<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cestou na juh Chorv\u00e1tska sa dostanete do Ston a Mali Ston. 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